|
 Applications
of the graphite
|
|
|
|
Flake
Graphite
|
|
Flake
graphite is a naturally occurring form of graphite
that is typically found as discrete flakes ranging
in size from 50 to 800 micrometers in diameter
and 1-50 micrometers thick. This form of graphite
has a high degree of “crystallinity”, which
equates to near theoretical true density, high
thermal and electric conductivity, and low springback
(excellent molding characteristics.) Flake graphite
is used in many applications including but not
limited to powder metallurgy, fuel cell bi-polar
plates, coatings, thermal materials, friction
moderators, electrically conductive materials,
refractories, general lubricant applications,
pencils, gaskets, rubber compounds, other advanced
polymer systems.
|
|
Amorphous
Graphite
|
|
Amorphous
graphite is a naturally occurring seam mineral
that forms from the geologic metamorphism of
anthracite coal. Contrary to the name, “amorphous”
graphite is not truly amorphous, but is a microcrystalline
form of natural graphite. The morphology of
amorphous graphite is typically granular except
in extremely fine grinds, which have a flaky
structure. The term “amorphous” is applied to
this form of natural graphite because the extremely
small “crystallite” particles that make this
material do not form crystal faces that are
visible to the naked eye (anhedral opposed to
euhedral.) “As mined” material is available
in sizes ranging from mixed 1 cm and smaller
particles to 10 cm lumps.
|
|
Vein
Graphite
|
|
Vein
graphite, also known as crystalline vein graphite,
Sri Lankan graphite, or Ceylon graphite is a
naturally occurring form of pyrolytic carbon
(solid carbon deposited from a fluid phase).
Vein graphite has a morphology that ranges from
flake-like for fine particles, needle or acicular
for medium sized particles, and grains or lumps
for very coarse particles. As the name implies,
this form of graphite occurs as a vein mineral.
Vein fillings range in thickness from 1 to 150
cm. “As mined” material is available in sizes
ranging from fine powder to 10 cm lumps. Vein
graphite has the highest “degree of crystalline”
perfection of all conventional graphite materials.
As a result of its high degree of crystallinity,
vein graphite is utilized extensively in “formed”
graphite products that are used in electrical
applications. Many of the highest quality electrical
motor brushes and other current carrying carbons
are based on formulations using vein graphite.
In friction applications, vein graphite is used
in advanced brake and clutch formulations. Other
applications include most of those that can
utilize flake graphite. Commercial grades are
available in purities ranging from 80-99% carbon,
and sizes from 3-micrometer powder to 8-10 cm
lumps.
|
|
Synthetic
Graphite
|
|
Synthetic
graphite is a manufactured product made by high
temperature heat treatment of amorphous carbon
materials. In the United States the primary
feed stock used for making synthetic graphite
is calcined petroleum coke and coal tar pitch,
both of which are composed of a highly “graphitizable”
forms of carbon. The manufacturing process consists
of various mixing, molding, and baking operations,
followed by heat-treating to temperatures between
2500 C and 3000 C. The ultra high heat treatment
temperature is required to drive the solid/solid,
amorphous carbon-to-graphite phase transformation.
The morphology of most synthetic graphite varies
from flaky in fine powders to irregular grains
and needles in coarser products. Since synthetic
graphite is processed at ultra high temperatures
any impurities contained in precursor carbons
are significantly reduced in concentration during
processing. This occurs as a result of the high
temperature vaporization of volatile impurities,
which at the process temperatures utilized includes
most metal oxides, sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen,
and all organic components that were part of
the original petroleum or coal tar pitch. As
a result of this thermal treatment virtually
all synthetic graphite products are high purity.
Synthetic graphite is available in particle
sizes from 2-micrometer powders to 2 cm pieces.
Purities are typically 99+% carbon. Synthetic
graphite is used in many applications including
but not limited to friction, foundry, electrical
carbons, fuel cell bi-polar plates, coatings,
electrolytic processes, corrosion products,
conductive fillers, rubber and plastic compounds,
and drilling applications.
|
|
Plates,
Rods, and Machined Parts
|
|
Flokal
is a supplier of solid graphite plates,
shapes, and rods. The raw materials used include
coarse grain electrode, medium grain mold stock,
and fine grain isostatically formed graphite,
all of which are of consistent quality and high
purity. Materials can be selected with specific
density, porosity, mechanical, electrical, and
thermal properties to best fit the end use application.
Solid graphite products may be as simple as
a sawn plate for use as a lubricating surface,
or as complicated as a part machined to very
specific dimensions and tolerances. Solid graphite
components are used in furnaces, pumps, bushings,
bearings, and other applications that require
a non-reactive material with good thermal stability
and high oxidation resistance.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isotropic
graphite
Keeping abreast of times, business markets demanded a finer grade carbon
of more stable properties. Ahead of the rest of the industry, we
developed an "isotropic graphite" which is pressed by Cold Isostatic
Press, having superfine isotropic microstrucutre. We have established world
level technology that enables this isotropic graphite to fully exhibit its
superior properties in the fields of nuclear power which requires high
reliability, electrical discharge processing where accuracy is everything, and
semiconductors which supports today's hi-tech wave. |
|
SIC
coated graphite
With the rapid progress in higher density semiconductor products, high
purity graphite has grown in demand so as to reduce degassing of carbon surfaces
as well as the amount of dust and impurities. Made by depositing a SiC film on
isotropic graphite using CVD process, it is very active in and
around the semiconductor manufacturing industry. |
 |
|
Classified
graphite coating
It is a graphite substrate
impregnated or coated with glass carbon. It has the effect of preventing dust
and improving surface hardness, which has made it widely used in semiconductor
and metallurgic fields. |
|
Pyrotic
coating
It is a high purity
graphite product on which we deposit pyrolytic carbon using an original CVD
process of our own. It has the effect of reducing gas permeation and preventing
reactions, for which it is often used for analytical equipment parts, high
temperature reactor parts and all kinds of tools. |
 |
|
C/C
composite
C/C composite is a carbon-carbon composite material reinforced by high
strength carbon fiber for the purpose of improving strength and shock
resistance of carbon materials. It is a hi-tech carbon material that is equally
selected for general industrial use as it is used in advanced technological
fields such as aerospace and semiconductor manufacture. To meet the diversified
needs of the 21st century, we offer a filament winding type
in our FW Series, a two-dimensional type in our CX Series and special grade
composites. |
|
We
offer special graphite products for the semiconductor
industry.
|
|
Use
by crystal pulling furnaces for single crystal
silicon and compound semiconductors.
|
|
Heaters
Graphite can be purified
down to the ppm order as well as easily machined to complicated forms. It is an
absolutely necessary material for the heating elements used in semiconductor
manufacture. |
 |
|
Heaters
To protect the quartz
crucible used in the manufacture of single crystal silicon, many manufacturers
are using our high density isotropic graphite as it provides high strength and
minimal wear. |
 |
|
Use
by epitaxial growth systems.
|
|
Pankake
susceptors
The susceptors used in
processes that form the epitaxial film on semiconductor wafers, whether
pancake, barrel, require an SiC graphite coating. |
 |
|
Barrel
susceptors
It
is a graphite product
coated with high purity SiC, which has high heat and corrosion resistance. |
 |
|
Use
in MOCVD
Isotropic graphite products are used in the production of semiconductor
lasers, via a process known as MOCVD that grows compound semiconductor films. |
|
Use
in Colar cell manufacture
Demand for silicon is growing as a solar cell material for capturing the
unlimited supply of solar energy radiated from the sky. Graphite is an
indispensable material for equipment that produces this silicon. |
|
Use
in liquid crystal display manufacture
The demand for liquid crystal displays has shot up alongside the spread
of the personal computer. Graphite products are widely used in the
manufacturing process of these liquid crystal displays. |
|
We
offer special graphite products for the metallurgical
industry.
|
|
Use
with optical fiber manufacturing equipment
|
|
Because
of its good heat resistance, high purity graphite
is needed in the manufacture of optical fiber
where temperatures can be as high as 2,000C.
|
|
Electrical
discharge machining applications (EDM)
|
|
Electrical
discharge machining (EDM) has made phenomenal
progress in recent years. Alongside this, graphite
has become an essential material as it provides
better machinability and faster machining speed
than copper electrodes.
|
|
|
Continious
casting dies
|
|
Taking
advantage of the way it is not wet by molten
metal, graphite is used for continuous casting
dies in metal casting operations. We can
supply the best graphite materials for the size
and configuration of your cast products.
|
|
|
Hot
presses
|
|
Graphite
is widely used as molds in the manufacture of
fine ceramic products. We continue to meet today's
diversifying needs as ceramic products are made
larger and stronger.
|
|
|
Use
in industrial ovens
|
|
Industrial
oven heaters
|
|
|
Owing
to its high heat resistance, graphite does not
soften under high temperatures. Also, because
of its high emissivity and the fact that electric
resistance can be reasonably controlled, it
is being used in a wide range of fields.
|
|
|
Use
in glass and quartz manufacture
|
|
For
quartz manufacture a graphite which has high
temperature resistonce, high purity and which
can be easily separated from the products being
made is required.
|
|
We
offer special graphite products for the mechanical
industry.
|
|
Bearings
|
|
Because
of their self-lubricating property, heat resistance
and chemical resistance, carbon bearings are
a great choice for oiless applications that
must guard against oil infiltration.
|
|
|
Packing
|
|
Our's
packing is mainly used with compressors and
turbines. In addition to good self-lubrication
and little if any damage caused to counter surfaces,
we can provide packing for virtually all types
of mediums.
|
|
|
Vanes
|
|
Carbon
vanes excel over metal vanes in wear and chemical
resistance, and additionally enable high speed
rotation because of the self-lubricating property
of carbon. We make vanes for vacuum pumps
and compressors.
|
|
|
Sliders/Sliding
plates
|
|
1.Pantograph
sliders are an indispensable part for electrictrain
in their installation on top of pantographs.
2.Carbon
sliders lessen the damage to overhead power
lines caused by conventional metal materials,
and have good conduction properties.
|
|
|
We
offer special graphite products for the electrical
industry.
|
|
Brushes
for general industry machinery
|
|
Large
brushes
|
|
Our's
small brushes are used with motors for home
appliances such as vacuum cleaners and power
tools, providing the long-lasting use and high
efficiency demanded of such products.
|
|
|
For
home appliances and power tools
|
|
Small
brushes
|
|
Small
motors used with automobiles and power tools
require brushes of stable quality and good wear
resistance.
|
|
|
Brushes
for micromotors
|
|
Our's
large brushes are used with general industrial
motors. They are helping to reduce maintenance
troubles by providing good wear resistance and
minimal abrasion loss.
|
|
For
power supply
|
|
Trolley
wheels and shoes
|
|
Carbon
is an excellent material for trolley wheels
and shoes because of its good wear and arc resistance.
Carbon is long-lasting and does not damage power
lines, therefore maintenance can be reduced.
|
|
|
Use
in specialized industries
|
|
Nuclear
power industry
|
|
In
addition to the many unique characteristics
of graphite, its radiation resistance and plasmatic
property make it highly applicable with high
temperature gas reactors and nuclear fusion
reactors, hence our material and experience
are well sought in these fields.
|
|
|
Aerospace
industry
|
|
Our's
graphite is used for the nozzle throat of rocket.
This nozzle slot is a core component of the
solid fuel engine and demands extreme reliability.
Our sound proven technology is an important
component of the aerospace industry.
|
|
|
Use
with lithium ion batteries
|
|
The
development of carbon materials is said to be
a key point towards boosting performance of
lithium ion batteries, which today are drawing
a lot of attention for their use with cell phones.
|
|
Use
with fuel cells
|
|
Many
hopes and expectations are placed on the expanded
application of fuel cells with automobiles and
power generation in remote areas, because they
deliver clean energy and high efficiency. Graphite
is an important structural member of these fuel
cells.
|
|
Graphite
sheet
|
|
PERMA
FOIL is a flexible graphite sheet made from
natural graphite using a special technique.
It offers cold and heat resistance, flexibility
and good recovery from compression. These qualities
make it a good choice for automobile gaskets
and packing.
|
|
|
Fluorination
by electrolysis
|
|
Electrodes
|
|
Compared
to conventional electrodes, the unique FE-5
electrodes for the production of fluorine gas
have proven to provide more stable operation,
longer-lasting use and reduced energy consumption.
|
|
|
in
cooking
|
|
With
cooking untensils
|
|
Graphite
plates are opening up a new world of cooking
by providing a for infra-red effect, soaking
property and by not charring or smoking.
|
|
